Researchers should avoid using Deficit Models or terms-a case in point is the concept, machismo, which has been described as a deficit concept ( Félix-Ortíz et al., 2012). Further, femininity-masculinity measures should assess both positive and negative feminine characteristics and masculine characteristics. Ideally, qualitative research should inform the development of instruments or refinement of existing instruments for the measurement of GRC, femininity, masculinity, and other gender-related concepts in people of color. Furthermore, qualitative studies are as important as quantitative studies in shedding light on the complexity of GRC. The theoretical foundation of such research must be based upon the cultures and values of people of color.

Gender role conflict research with African American, Asian American, and Latino men is scarce, and scarcer still with women of color and Native American men. Lopez, in Handbook of Multicultural Mental Health (Second Edition), 2013 IV Recommendations for Future Gender Role Conflict Research with Culturally Diverse Populations

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